The DOT physical
If you drive a commercial motor vehicle, federal rules require a medical exam — the DOT physical — to confirm you're healthy enough to drive safely. Here's exactly what it involves and how to walk in ready to pass.
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What the exam covers
A certified medical examiner reviews your health history and checks the areas that matter for safe driving:
- Vision — at least 20/40 in each eye (with correction) and a 70° field of vision.
- Hearing — you must be able to hear a forced whisper at 5 feet, or pass an audiometry test.
- Blood pressure and pulse — high readings can shorten your card or require follow-up.
- Urinalysis — screens for underlying conditions such as diabetes (it is not a drug test).
- Physical exam — heart, lungs, abdomen, spine, neurological function, and limbs.
- Health history — medications, past surgeries, and conditions like diabetes or sleep apnea.
Who can perform it
Your DOT physical must be done by a medical professional on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners. That can be a physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, chiropractor, or advanced practice nurse — as long as they are certified and listed on the registry. Always verify the examiner is currently listed before your appointment.
Frequently asked
- Who can perform a DOT physical?
- Only a medical professional listed on the FMCSA National Registry of Certified Medical Examiners can perform your DOT physical and issue a valid medical certificate.
- How long is a DOT medical card good for?
- Up to 24 months. The examiner can issue a shorter certificate (for example, one year) if you have a condition that needs monitoring, such as high blood pressure.
- What should I bring?
- A photo ID, a list of your medications and prescribing doctors, and any medical paperwork the examiner asked for — for example, a blood pressure log, a diabetes A1C result, or a sleep apnea compliance report if those apply to you.