What is a DOT physical?

A DOT physical is a medical examination required by the U.S. Department of Transportation for anyone who operates a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) in interstate commerce. Its purpose is simple: to confirm a driver is physically and mentally fit to operate a large vehicle safely.

The exam is performed by a certified medical examiner and, if you pass, results in a Medical Examiner's Certificate — commonly called a "med card" — which you must carry (or have on file with your state) to drive legally.

Who needs one?

You generally need a DOT physical if you:

• Drive a vehicle with a gross combination weight rating of 10,001 lbs or more.
• Drive a vehicle designed to carry 16 or more passengers (including the driver).
• Transport hazardous materials in quantities requiring placards.
• Hold or are applying for a commercial driver's license (CDL).

How long is it valid?

A medical certificate is valid for up to 24 months. If you have a condition that needs monitoring — high blood pressure is the most common — the examiner may issue a certificate for a shorter period, such as three months or one year, so your health can be re-checked.

What it is not

The DOT physical is not a drug test. It does include a urinalysis, but that screens for medical conditions such as diabetes or kidney problems — not for drugs. Drug and alcohol testing is a separate requirement handled by your employer.